Friday, October 1, 2010

Waveforms, A/D Conversion, Sampling

Waveforms

amplitude- measured in decibels, it is the size of the pressure difference it causes in the wave (loudness).
wavelength- the physical distance between two points in a cycle.
frequency- refers to pitch, the measurement of time (cycles/second) and how often a wave repeats itself (hz). Frequency is independent from amplitude.
Photo from http://www.planetoftunes.com/sound/waveform.html


Sampling
-a method that converts analog signal to digital information
-it takes discrete episodes over time
                  44.1K sample rate = 44,100/ sec -> Frequency
                  16 bit depth -> Amplitude
-The higher the bit rate the greater the dynamic range
-The digitization of acoustic sound uses sampling (discrete time sampling) to store data from an analog waveform
-The voltage is variable = amplitude level
-The continuous line is representing numerically by digital system at specific point and time

Photo from: http://forums.applenova.com/showthread.php?t=20688

Analog to Digital Conversion
The Mic or D.I. (electric instrument) is a transducer where variations in air pressure are captured by the microphone and that electrical energy changes analog signal to voltage in the form of an electric signal. It sends these electrical pulses to the Analog to Digital converter (interface, inbox) changing the electrical voltage to binary code. This digital numerical data is then sent to Protools, then sent from protools back out through a digital to analog converter, then to a speaker.


Photo from: http://en.flossmanuals.net/PureData/WhatIsDigitalAudio


Latest Assignment
Our latest assignment dealt with the conspiracy of the Apollo 11 Voyage of 1969, recording a paragraph, reversing words, then splicing it up creatively with music sound effects. I realized working with a partner on these projects makes it a longer process because it is hard to understand each others creative directions. I also find it limits time because my partner has less experience with Protools. However it is fulfilling to help teach someone about Protools or better understanding certain techniques because it reinforces it for myself as well.
For our project we used pitch shift, audimation, reverse speech, panning, and EQ on the vocals. We also created an original drum track and piano part.

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